Key Quote
“"My reasons for marrying are, first, that I think it a right thing for every clergyman... to set the example of matrimony"”
Mr Collins · Chapter 19 (Proposal to Elizabeth)
Focus: “reasons for marrying”
Collins's proposal to Elizabeth — a numbered list of practical reasons for marriage that mentions neither love nor personal feeling. The proposal is a business pitch, not a declaration of emotion.
Technique 1 — ENUMERATION / CATALOGUE STRUCTURE
The word 'first' announces that marriage is a list — Collins has prepared numbered reasons like a sermon or parliamentary motion. This enumeration (listing in sequence) drains all emotion from what should be an intimate moment. He treats his proposal as a logical argument to be won through evidence rather than a question of the heart.
The phrase 'right thing' positions marriage as a moral duty rather than a personal desire. Collins does not want to marry Elizabeth specifically — he wants to marry, and she happens to be conveniently available. The generic language ('every clergyman', 'easy circumstances') reveals that his proposal is a template (pre-made form) rather than a personal address.
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RAD — STAGNATE
Collins is incapable of genuine emotional engagement — his proposal is a social performance, not a personal expression. He does not see Elizabeth as an individual but as a role to be filled: wife of clergyman. His emotional illiteracy (inability to read or express genuine feelings) is not a failure of intelligence but a consequence of a character entirely defined by social convention.
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Technique 2 — DRAMATIC IRONY / COMIC BATHOS
The audience expects a proposal scene to be romantic — Collins instead delivers a committee report. This creates bathos (anticlimax from the elevated to the mundane): the form of a proposal with the content of a business meeting. The humour derives from the gap between what the genre demands (passion, vulnerability) and what Collins provides (agenda items).
Collins's three reasons — duty, Lady Catherine's recommendation, and his own happiness (mentioned last and briefly) — reveal his priority hierarchy: institutional obligation first, patron's wishes second, personal feeling a distant third. Elizabeth is not even mentioned by name in his reasons. Austen satirises a marriage system that could produce such a proposal.
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Context (AO3)
THE ENTAIL & COLLINS
Collins will inherit Longbourn — by proposing to Elizabeth, he offers a way to keep the estate in the family. His proposal is therefore partly reparative (intended to fix a problem): he sees himself as solving the entail crisis. This makes his proposal simultaneously practical (solving the family's financial problem) and absurd (delivered without any human warmth).
LADY CATHERINE'S INFLUENCE
Collins's second reason for marrying is that Lady Catherine 'has condescended to advise me to marry'. His patron's recommendation ranks above his own happiness. This reveals Collins as a man entirely defined by deference (submissive respect) to authority — he cannot make a personal decision without aristocratic permission.
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WOW — COMMODIFICATION OF MARRIAGE (Marx)
Marx argues that capitalism transforms all human relationships into commodity exchanges — everything, including love, is reduced to its market value. Collins's proposal is a perfect example: he has commodified marriage into a list of practical advantages, stripping away its emotional, spiritual, and personal dimensions. Elizabeth becomes a commodity to be acquired (the right wife at the right price in the right location). Austen's satire anticipates Marx's critique by decades: she shows how a rigidly hierarchical, property-obsessed society produces people who cannot distinguish between a business transaction and an intimate human relationship.
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